A compatriot of mine, José María Arguedas, called Peru the country of
“every blood.” I do not believe any formula defines it better: that is
what we are and that is what all Peruvians carry inside us, whether we
like it or not: an aggregate of traditions, races, beliefs, and cultures
proceeding from the four cardinal points. I am proud to feel myself the
heir to the pre-Hispanic cultures that created the textiles and feather
mantles of Nazca and Paracas and the Mochican or Incan ceramics
exhibited in the best museums in the world, the builders of Machu
Picchu, Gran Chimú, Chan Chan, Kuelap, Sipán, the burial grounds of La
Bruja and El Sol and La Luna, and to the Spaniards who, with their
saddle bags, swords, and horses, brought to Peru Greece, Rome, the
Judeo-Christian tradition, the Renaissance, Cervantes, Quevedo, and
Góngora, and the harsh language of Castile sweetened by the Andes. And
with Spain came Africa, with its strength, its music, and its
effervescent imagination, to enrich Peruvian heterogeneity. If we
investigate only a little we discover that Peru, like the Aleph of
Borges, is a small format of the entire world. What an extraordinary
privilege for a country not to have an identity because it has all of
them!
The conquest of America was cruel and violent, like all conquests,
of course, and we should criticize it but not forget as we do that those
who committed pillage and crimes were, for the most part, our
great-grandfathers and great-great-grandfathers, the Spaniards who came
to America and adopted American ways, not those who remained in their
own country. Such criticism, to be just, should be self-criticism.
Because when we gained our independence from Spain two hundred years
ago, those who assumed power in the former colonies, instead of
liberating the Indians and creating justice for old wrongs, continued to
exploit them with as much greed and ferocity as the conquerors and, in
some countries, decimating and exterminating them. Let us say this with
absolute clarity: for two centuries the emancipation of the indigenous
population has been our exclusive responsibility, and we have not
fulfilled it. This continues to be an unresolved issue in all of Latin
America. There is not a single exception to this ignominy and shame.
Mario Vargas Llosa
Nobel Prize for Literature 2010
Comments